THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL AND METHODICAL FOUNDATIONS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL AGRIBUSINESS

The conducted scientific research provides new solutions to the current scientific issue in the theoretical and applied methodological and methodical study of the tendency of innovative developments in the ontogeny of international agribusiness in the conditions of globalization, financing and worldBorientation of agroeconomic systems to comprehensive sustainable development, including through the inclusion means, in particular, we proposed and/or further developed the following items: Classification of innovations groups in the international agribusiness into two types: the first type is innovations embodied in means of production or products (agricultural machinery, fertilizers and seeds); the second type is "elusive" or "scattered" innovations (integrated pest control schemes); the key elements of the innovation policy of international agribusiness are growing cooperation, the introduction of highBtech solutions in the production process and technologically new products, the placement of research centers not only in the mother country, but also in other countries to adapt commercial developments to local legislation and climatic conditions of agricultural production and processing of agricultural raw materials; the "Big six" companies (BayerBMonsanto, DowBDuPont and ChemChinaBSyngenta) that shape the effect of innovative inertia in international agribusiness and the transformation of the world food market were identified; the need for innovative development of the agricultural sector of the Ukraine's economy which will provide a solution to a number of historical crisisBrelated problems (including the optimization of the sectoral structure of the industry, the stabilization of the agricultural food chains to create high added value, the diversification of the export structure, the reduction of dependence on imports of food with high added value), as well as the establishment of foundations for the transition from the exportBraw material to the innovative model of the agricultural economy through the use of innovative technologies, the creation of highBtech agricultural production, and the stimulation of their innovation activity.

the micro and macro level; the second was "agribusiness management" which means the study of decision making within the framework of alternative agro food sector management struc tures.
Numerous global concepts were devoted to the determination of the tendency of the development of international agribusiness through changes in the effective operational indicators, where the key determinant was the technological institutional changes expressed through agroinnovations -new methods, options or means used to perform the tasks by agroeconomic system, in particular to ensure the achievement of Goal # 2 "Overcoming hunger, achieving food security, improving nutrition and promoting sustainable development of agri culture" contained in the United Nations Global Sustainable Development Goals to 2030. At present, the radical transformation of the agro food system is global in nature, and the agro industrialization process is a complex socio economic phenomenon, which is considered by most researchers as a period of individual and collective stress on the background of related changes and economic "disorder".

THE ANALYSIS OF RECENT RESEARCHES AND PUBLICATIONS, WHICH INITIATED THE SOLUTION OF THIS PROBLEM AND ON WHICH THE AUTHOR RELIES, DETERMINED THE PREVIOUSLY UNSOLVED PARTS OF THE GENERAL PROBLEM TO WHICH THIS ARTICLE IS DEVOTED
The formation of the theoretical and methodo logical foundations of the research of technology influence on the global economy in general and on the operation and development of multi sectoral entrepreneurial institutions in particular, was carried out by such renowned scholar as Daniel The phenomenon of "penetration" by innovations of international, regional, national and local agricultural systems has been studied for a long time only within the framework of highly specialized agricultural researches. However, in the late XX -early XXI century, the phenomenon study started within the framework of economics. That is, only individual theoretical, metho dological and methodical aspects of agribusiness development, the impact of agro oriented scien tific and technological progress on the situation in the international food market were considered in the research and popular science literature. However, there were no attempts to carry out a cross cutting evaluation of the "innovation -in ternational agribusiness -world food market" triad, thereby actualizing the conduct of this kind of research.

FORMULATING THE ARTICLE GOALS (STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM)
Identification of transformation and moder nization mechanisms of the economic paradigm of the international agribusiness functioning under the influence of innovative technologies on the basis of modern mainstream research of the innovative context of the world food market development.

PRESENTATION OF THE MAIN RESEARCH MATERIAL WITH FULL JUSTIFICATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OBTAINED
A prerequisite for increasing the role of innovative aspects of international agribusiness development are effective mechanisms for mana ging the development and implementation of innovations and innovative technologies. At the same time, the theoretical and methodological basis for the provision of innovative technologies in agribusiness should be formed taking into account both the past and the latest paradigm of innovation activity.
In the world literature, economic innovation is mainly interpreted as the transformation of potential scientific and technological progress (STP) into real one which is embodied in new products and technologies [3; 5; 7; 12]. On the basis of processing and systematization of the scientists' opinions presented in the foreign economic literature on the essence of innovation, we will formulate our own definition of this concept. These are certain material objects or processes that provide new, previously unknown characteristics and properties, while these objects or processes are ahead of their predecessors in their functional characteristics.
The continuous development of STP, the formation of a new technological structure and the transition from industrial to a post industrial society based on innovative knowledge occur through the transformation of all social life spheres, which are reflected in the transfer of the economic development gravity center to science intensive and high tech spheres.

АГРОСВІТ № 12, 2019
The "post industrial society" term was intro duced into scientific usage in 1959 by the sociologist D. Bell during his speech at the sociological seminar in Salzburg (Austria) to describe "the society in which science and knowle dge are the main productive forces. Technologies play a key role, and the industrial sector is losing its leading role due to increasing tecnification" [11].
Depending on the production mode, three types of society are distinguished: pre industrial, industrial and post industrial. There are three criteria in the basis of fundamental differences of each of them: basic production resource, type of production activity, basic technologies.
The production of raw materials and primary conditions for agricultural production where the leading place in the economy is occupied by the mining industry with the use of labor intensive technologies is characteristic for the pre industrial society. The industrial society provides for the use of energy as the main production resource, while the main type of activity is the manufacture or production of goods, and the basic technology is capital intensive technology. The post industrial society is characterized by the use of science intensive technologies, which causes the demand for information as the main production resource, and the leading industry in the economy is the service sector on which the industrial efficiency depends.
At the same time, the transition from one type of society to another is the result of technological revolutions (agricultural, industrial, scientific and technical) and changes in the established pro duction process, which begin with the introduction of new basic technologies. It should be noted that the scientific and technical revolution (STR) has determined the transition to the computer, nuclear, space age which mainly determines the formation of a post industrial society at the present stage.
The basic technologies have certain degrees which are called "technological orders" in indust rial and post industrial society and occur in accordance with the concept of long waves by N. Kondratiev which includes six technological or ders. Four modes are a part of the industrial stage, the other two are based on nano-and information and communication technologies and belong to the post industrial orders, which is characterized by the transition from capital intensive to science intensive technologies. Consequently, the capital capacity increases, since the capital is replaced by labor [6; 14].
Between 1960 and 1970, American scientist J. Galbraith also contributed to the formation of the "industrial society" theory. A special role was assigned to large corporations that operate in three markets: raw materials and equipment market, capital markets and labor market [17][18].
Modern scientists have expanded the list of basic technologies of technological orders: the core of the fifth technological order includes information and communication technologies; the core of the sixth technological order includes nanotechnology. Japanese economist M. Xirooki identified the basic technologies for the sixth Kondratiev's cycle: multimedia, nanotechnology, biotechnology, genetic engineering and regeneration of human organs, superconductors, quantum computers, etc [15; 17].
The table 1 provides a comparative analysis of the development of technological orders in different countries.
The study of economic problems of science and impact of technology on the economy of the countries in the second half of the twentieth century devoted a considerable amount of works of foreign and domestic scholars whose research is carried out within the framework of techno logical theories. Four consecutive periods can be identified in their development: 1. In the period from 1910 to 1930, it was assumed that new technologies that are introduced into production, cause revolutionary changes in the commercial and industrial sectors and lead to the establishment of a new optimized production model. Firstly, M. Kondratiev described the idea of the relationship between the development of STP and the cyclical nature of innovations in the theory of large cycles within a framework of which he noted a special role of the STP and considered its influence on the economic development dynamics.
Later, J. Schumpeter continued studying the contribution of STP to economic growth in his work "Economic Cycles" in which he called the big economic cycles as Kondratiev's cycles. In general, economists of this era (M. Castells, M. Kondratiev, S. Koval, J. Schumpeter, Ch. Cobb, P. Douglas) tried to answer the question of the extent to which the proportions of factors (labor, land, and capital) affect economic growth.
2. In the period between 1940 and 1970, the economists focused on the search for the optimal ratio of production factors and the impact of population growth, savings and technology on the economic growth and production function (R. Solow, E. Denison, J. Kendrick). R. Solow's school interpreted STP as an exogenous factor, a remainder within the production function, a value of which can be estimated by the value of the labor and capital contribution to economic growth. The peculiarities of this school are clearly expressed in the "Solow's paradox". In the late 1980s, he stated that the computer is visible everywhere, but not in labor productivity statistics.
Economists H. Mensch and K. Freeman discovered that the STP has an endogenous nature. The connection of its dynamics with large cycles or long waves of economic development was also revealed. Representatives of this school proved that the basic innovations that initiate the formation of new STP areas are mainly observed in periods of descending waves. At the same time, the new STR potential is accumulated. This was, in particular, the period from the late 1970s to the middle of the 1990s ("Solow's paradox" duration). The ascending wave of economic development is formed on the basis of large scale use of the potential accumulated in the previous descending wave. The last ascending wave began with the acceleration of labor productivity growth in the US since the middle of the 1990s. [2; 19].
The STP was considered as an exogenous factor by neoclassicists. Their contribution is to quantitatively assess the impact of STP on economic growth. Within the concept of large cycles, or waves of economic development, the STP acts as an exogenous factor. The descending wave stimulates the search for new directions of the STP, and the ascending one is based on their large scale use for economic development.
3. Since the middle of the 1970s, some innovative economic models started to explain technology as an endogenous factor, which led to the introduction of new variables -human capital (G. Lucas, P. Romain, G. Mankiv) and the information. Thus, knowledge has become the main resource, and training -the most important process of ensuring the sustainable dynamics of economic systems. 4. The end of the XX century was a period of postindustrial society formation. At the same time, there is an associated theoretical breakthrough against the background of the development and dissemination of the epochal and basic innovations within the framework of the new technological order, the process of catching up development in developing countries, as well as studying technical and economic paradigm (D. Ademoglu, J. Dosi, K. Freeman, S. Glaziev, C. Griliches, V. Klinov, R. Nelson, S. Winter, K. Peyvitt, K. Perez, P. Ro mer, A. Warsawsky).
The process of catching up industrialization in developing countries follows different trajectories and is accompanied by the formation of national innovation networks, which provide for a system of different subjects (mega institutes, national institutes, research centers, a mechanism for the formation of knowledge and innovation, the availability of indicative meters), the establishment of effective mechanisms of interaction between all institutions of the network and the creation of a favorable climate for producing knowledge.
Recently, we observe the tendency to increase the knowledge intensity of international agro food systems, where an active introduction of high technologies takes place. The production process in the international agribusiness is being significantly transformed due to the tecnification and the growth of the industrial knowledge intensity, where the use of navigation systems, agrotechnics based on new materials, positioning systems, bio-and nanotechnology is spreading. However, such a transformation of individual industries (segments) of international agribusiness in the XXI century would be completely impossible without a gradual change in the technical and technological paradigm, the complication of the production process and the food itself, which lasted throughout the history of mankind, but gained the greatest development only in the XX century.
As incomes and capital accumulation increase, the share of agriculture in international agribu siness and its contribution to GDP declines. However, the events that took place in the second half of the twentieth century have changed the function of agriculture as a "servant" of industry, consolidating the importance of the sector as a component of economic and innovative growth and a fundamental factor for the sustainable development of countries with developing economies [10; 13; 22].
The agriculture gap in international agribu siness can have a negative impact on the world economy as a whole and on its innovation activity. Modern economists [4; 12; 18; 21] distinguish four directions of its negative impact. First of all, the Передплатний індекс 21847 АГРОСВІТ № 12, 2019 deficiency of food, which reduces productivity and means underinvestment in human capital. Secondly, food crises affect the political, economic stability and investment climate in the country. Thirdly, the discrepancy in the investment in the industrial and agricultural sectors generates multi level capital productivity, worsening the efficiency of resource allocation in the economy. Finally, the high ability of international agribusiness to integrate breakthrough innovative technologies can accelerate the economic growth of the country.
The modern stage of the STP was called the industrial revolution 4.0. The new technologies bring radical changes to the entire economy, the speed of which is increased several times. The new type of production is based on Big Data, their analysis, complex automation of production, augmented reality technologies and the Internet. This innovative breakthrough began in the 1990s under the slogan of the "gene" revolution when Calgene Inc. US company launched the sale of genetically modified (GM) tomatoes. To date, the product of agrobiotechnology -genetically modified organisms (GMOs) -is an integral part of the world market of agricultural products and affects the resource sector of international agribusiness.
The most important prerequisite for the inno vative development of agrobiotechnology was the ban on the use of biological weapons, which is reflected in the UN Convention which allowed to create a powerful layer of biological knowledge and the results of basic research in pharma ceuticals, medicine, industry, energy and agri business. A new round of discussions on the structure of the bio economy in the EU and the USA, as well as sectors of the economy based on bioscientific and biotechnological innovations has provided additional urgency and incentives to the innovative development of international agribu siness through the biotechnology. The "biotech nology" is classically interpreted as a technological solution in the implementation of which the biological elements (extracted from organisms, for the manufacture or modification of the product, the improvement of plants or animals or the creation of microorganisms for specific purposes) can be applied [9]. In particular, biotechnology is called the science of the use of living processes in production, which is based on genetic engineering. When using a set of methods and approaches, natural sets of elements with modified and inherited characteristics are produced [4; 13; 18].
Biotechnology is considered in a narrow and broad sense. In a broad sense, it is at the inter section of biology and technology, scientific discipline and a field of practice that studies the ways and methods of changing the environment in accordance with its needs. In a narrow sense, biotechnology is a set of methods and techniques for obtaining useful products and phenomena using the biological agents [20; 27].
During the genetic revolution, the structure of the costs of international agribusiness for food production has changed, in particular, the costs of research and development in agribusiness have increased; the costs of reproduction of fixed assets have decreased; labor costs have decreased; the costs of fertilizers have decreased but at the same time the cost of special types of protection of flora and fauna has increased. It should be noted that modern agrobiotechnology goes beyond genetic engineering and includes individual elements of genomics, which transforms the understanding of the functioning of genes, cells, organisms and ecosystems opening up new horizons for breeding with markers and genetic resources management. The use of agrobiotechnology in international agribusiness is still a subject of lively debate. The commercialization of GM crops is limited to individual varieties which are usually the forage crops with a small set of characteristics.
GMO is interpreted as artificial manipulations with the genome of living matter which is categorically unacceptable for the diametrically opposite concept of the international agribusiness development and by supporters of organic food. Thus, if the result of research and development in the GM sector is a product with unique properties due to external interference in the cell DNA, in organic farming this is a group of food with high quality characteristics [13; 23], produced without the plant protection chemicals (fertilizers, pes ticides, GM seeds) in the regions with a relatively acceptable ecology. In general, such segregation of the world market by trademark continues to affect its condition.
It should be noted that, although in the studies of economists of the XX century, the agricultural sector is the leading branch of agribusiness and is considered as innovatively not active, at present the growth of research and development costs and the use of high tech solutions in international agro food systems have taken some of the agribusiness branches beyond the limits of low tech sectors.
Technological and innovative development of international agribusiness is considered as a basic condition for catching up development of the country. Therefore, the "green revolution" in India, East Africa and some other Asian countries, as well as the genetic revolution, proved that the use of knowledge intensive technologies in international agribusiness can generally contribute to the growth of the volume of agricultural production, productivity and efficiency. In the XXI century, high technologies are the basic technologies for the agricultural industry of international agribusiness, namely: bio , nano , information and communication technologies and partially convergent technologies whose influence is reflected in important state of the art factors of the present stage of the STP development.
That is, in the XXI century, a techno economic paradigm of international agribusiness with the expressed innovations is developed, in particular through bio , nano , information and commu nication and partly convergent technologies which play a basic role in the stabilization of the creation of agro food chains with high added value. The intensification of international agribusiness contributes to the solution of at least two key issues in ensuring its sustainable development. On the one hand, due to the development of high tech agrosegments, preconditions for an accelerated increase in agricultural production are formed, and on the other hand, there is the promotion and/ or activation of the internal capacity to mitigate the severity of food security problem.
In this study, the authors understand the agro business product under "high tech food" in the production and/or in the production process of which bio , nano , information and commu nication and/or NBIC technologies were used.
In recent years, especially after the agro food crisis of 2008-2009, the most important factors for international agribusiness are the growth of the Earth's population in the conditions of inelastic supply of land resources, the rapid development of technologies to provide the ever growing demand for agricultural products, yields increase, food losses reduction, and cost reduction of marginal food as well. Therefore, the catastrophic increase in the world's population, taking into account the geolocation limitations of the Earth, stimulates the search for technical and techno logical solutions to meet the growing demand for food in sufficient quantities.
Deepening of the STP processes and the emergence of new types of agricultural products at the end of the twentieth century led to the seg regation of the agro food market which is divided in modern literature [4; 10; 24; 26] into three separate market segments: products of traditional agribusiness, GM products, and organic products. Such segregation leads to diversification and differentiation of agricultural product promotion channels, depending on the degree of artificial impact, as well as contributes to the emergence of multi prices.
The developments of biotechnologists, which were firstly introduced into the market during the "gene" revolution, have firmly consolidated their positions, changing not only the structure of costs of international agribusiness and large agro chemical companies engaged in the resource sector, but also significantly transforming the entire global agro food system, including the regulatory framework for the stabilization of the agro food market. Over the last 20 years (1998-2018), agricultural biotechnologies and related GM crops [21], which were produced in 28 countries of the world [28] in 2018, became the most widespread [28].
The actual studies [8; 12-13; 16; 19] distinguish three key types of GM plants with three properties: the first -resistance to herbicides (Ht); the second -insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt); the third -the combination of Ht and Bt symbols. At the present stage of the STP development, the first generation is the high yielding crops to improve efficiency and reduce production costs of international agribusiness. The second generation of GM crops is crops with high food value and predetermined consumer pro perties. The third generation includes crops that are pre endowed with features identical to drugs, which, in particular, improve the biofuel proce ssing, etc.
To date, the agricultural products authorized for sale are only genetically modified products (GMP) of the first generation, while others are at different stages of fundamental and applied research and development.
The benefits of agrobiotechnology include reducing the cost of food production. Despite the high cost of raw materials (seeds), GMP does not require or in some cases only partially requires minimal costs for chemical fertilizers.
The employment and productivity growth is increasing in the international agribusiness, which is more referred to developing countries [25; [28][29]. The ecologization of agricultural production and the reduction of risks of crop failure are carried out through the rational management of pesticides. Thus, the GM crops which are resistant to pesticides, can improve soil conditions, reduce water pollution and the use of chemicals to protect agricultural plants.
In the period from 1998 to 2018, the economic effect of the use of GM crops in the world amounted to about 167. 8  According to a study by the University of North Carolina, the annual family budget for food through the use of GMOs amounted to 9,462 dollars, while it would be 12181 dollars without GMO. Thus, it can be argued that GMO free products are on average 33 % more expensive [8]. Also as a result of the study, it was determined that in the US households spend about 6.9% of the total budget on food, while in France -13.9%, and in Germany -11.1% [9; 21]. Nevertheless, despite some economic advantages, the debate about the safety of the GMP still continues, and this does not allow us to form clear targets for the long term innovative development of international agribu siness. To this end, in February 2016, FAO held an International Symposium on "The Role of Agri cultural Biotechnologies in Sustainability of Food Systems and Nutrition," which discussed the cri tical issues of biotechnology, its role in addressing food security issues, and ensuring sustainable innovative development of the international agribusiness [13]. As a result of the event, the experts involved concluded that there was no justification for the existing critical views on the production and consumption of GM food. However, there is no unanimous opinion among the scientific community, political figures, or society.
The World Health Organization does not classify GMPs as harmful food which affects the reproductive function of the population. According to experts of the organization, one of the strategic goals of further innovations in crop production on the basis of GMOs is the continuous improvement of plant protection products -"currently, GM crops in the food market are mainly aimed at increasing their resistance to diseases caused by insects or viruses or increased resistance to herbicides" [13].
In July 2016, more than 100 Nobel laureates signed an appeal to Greenpeace, the UN and the governments of all countries of the world with a call to revise the negative attitude to the GMP. The appeal says that science does not know any confirmed case of the negative impact of transgenic products on human and/or animal health. International regulators recognize such products as safe, however, Greenpeace and other opponents of GM food refuse to recognize the results of fundamental and applied agronomic research [4; 13; 23]. As already noted, as of 2018, agro biotechnology is allowed in 28 countries of the world. At the same time, another block of count ries is pursuing a diametrically opposed policy aimed at reducing and sometimes a complete prohibition of the GMPs production and trade. This block includes more than 160 countries, including some CIS and EU countries.
In the EU, agricultural products produced on the basis of biotechnology are positively treated by those countries in which GM crops are allowed (GM crops account for only 0.14% of arable land in Europe [9, 28]). At the same time, Greece, Italy and a number of Balkan countries are ardent opponents. It should be noted that the EU policy on GMP, in particular, its commercialization, provision and registration of new varieties, looks rather restrained. During the first two decades of the XXI century, the categorical rejection of GMP by supporters of environmental parties, including Greenpeace, whose activists destroyed the GM crops, restrained, in some sense, the rapid spread of GM food in the EU, causing a low level of orientation of innovative strategies on GM food for the development of international agribusiness. In addition, the increased attention of society to a healthy lifestyle, including food, increasingly provides transformation of innovative develop ment of international agribusiness in the direction of organic food portfolio and ECO development (and not genetically modified) [8; 13; 19].
However, in July of 2017, the EU member states allowed the cultivation and sale of another GM maize variety, which indirectly says that Europeans do not give up innovative solutions in the field of high technology, but carefully inspect new types of food through the prism of tracea bility, safety and economic feasibility.
The development, impact, implementation and commercialization issues are also discussed within the framework of the OECD, in particular at the level of the Global Biotechnology Forum which was first held in 2010 [28]. However, the GMPs are completely prohibited only in 9 countries: Russia, Poland, Egypt, Madagascar, Greece, Austria, Venezuela, Peru and Ecuador. Other countries have either imposed a moratorium or allowed only certain varieties of GM crops.
Despite the ambiguous attitude towards GMP, agrobiotechnology continues to develop and is reflected in innovative strategies for international agribusiness development. The recent advances in biotechnology in international agribusiness should include the commercialization of GM animals and fish, the beginning of sales of GM apples in the domestic markets of the USA and Canada (CRISPR Cas9 technology patent), which get rid of attractive appearance (they darken) with full and/or partial loss of its integrity (a cut or a dent).
In November 2015, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) approved the commercial use of GM animals and fish [29]. Thus, the fast gaining GM salmon (developed by Aqua Bounty Techno logies has already been available for sale since 2018). This development will reduce the produc tion cycle by half as fish gain weight of twice the traditional method of fattening. In May 2016, GM animals and fish were also allowed in Canada and according to 2017 data, about 4.5 million tons of such fish have already been sold in the period from May 2016 to August 2017, [16;25;28-29].
In the same year, the US Department of Agriculture approved a new variety of GM apples, the first harvest of which was collected in autumn 2016. Okanagan Specialty Fruits is engaged in their production, and they will be marketed under the Arctic Apples trademark. Pre sliced apples will be sold in bags so that the buyer could conveniently consume them on the road. The company plans to sell a number of varieties of apples under the Arctic Apples brand including such varieties like Golden Delicious, Granny Smith and Fuji in the future [3 4; 9].
The method of CRISPR Cas9 genome correc tion has become the revolutionary development of the agrobiotechnology market over the last 20 years. In 2013, two independent researchers, biologists E. Charpentier at Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Biophysical Chemistry (Sweden) and J. Doudna at the University of California (USA) discovered a new method of DNA correction, which was called CRISPR Cas9. The main advantage of this method is that the correction of DNA molecules can occur with much higher accuracy and speed through the use of anti virus protection of bacterial cells. However, the legal disputes that arose on the issues of obtaining a patent for the CRISPR Cas9 technology were resolved only in February 2017, as a result of which the right to preserve all patents included in this technology is reserved by the Broad Institute which is part of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA). It should be noted that in September 2016, Monsanto, which is currently owned by the German giant Bayer, acquired a worldwide non exclusive license at the Broad Institute and Harvard University to use the CRISPR Cas9 technology for genome correction, with which the company plans to produce agricultural products, in particular, this techno logy will allow the company to significantly improve the necessary properties or remove the unwanted properties of plants, creating their more effective hybrids and varieties.
In fact, this means that the CRISPR Cas9 technology introduces artificial manipulations with the gene beyond the limits of genetic modi fications, namely food, and respectively, beyond the GMO regulatory framework. For example, in 2015, The Swedish Agriculture Council decided that plants whose gene is modified using CRISPR technology do not fall under the definition of GM food in the EU [23]. In April 2016, The US Department of Agriculture determined that new varieties of mushrooms and maize that were genetically modified using CRISPR Cas9 techno logy are not GM food and do not require appropriate registration [29].
Currently, research is being carried out using the latest technology. Thus, in February 2017, the North Western University of Agriculture and Forestry in Xianyang (China) using the CRISPR Cas9 method of modifying the genome, succeeded in developing a special breed of cows. These animals were characterized by increased resistance to tuberculosis [3; 9].
The role of information and communication technologies in international agribusiness has significantly increased in the last few years. This was facilitated by the spread of mobile and broadband communications and the development of the Internet. In developing countries, among 20% of the poorest population, 70% have mobile phones and more than 40% of the world's population has access to the Internet [9; 25; 28 -29].
Contemporary large scale agribusiness is practically impossible without the use of Precision Agriculture tools such as the Global Positioning System, satellites, unmanned aerial vehicle tracking, operational and reliable meteorological data. Due to their development, such complex agrotechnical operations as sowing, tillage, ferti lization, crop processing operations by protection agents, taking into account the soil and landscape peculiarities, can be carried out.
Digital technologies play a pivotal role in achieving the United Nations Global Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, mainly by allowing more people and agribusiness to participate in the market, increasing the productivity of existing agricultural production methods and maintaining Передплатний індекс 21847 АГРОСВІТ № 12, 2019 economy on the acceptable level through the creation of new business solutions, based on innovations.
A large number of smart solutions for agri business are available on the international and Ukrainian markets today. Thus, farmers can install special sensors in the fields that will allow them to engage in "precision farming", and to determine weather conditions, moisture content, fertilizer concentration in the soil and a number of other indicators in real time that are essential for the agribusiness efficiency. On the basis of the data obtained, farmers can quickly decide which fields and when should be fertilized, as well as take measures in accordance with natural and climatic conditions and plan the harvest in advance. In addition, they can quickly control the process of agricultural works and monitor the seeds and fertilizers consumption. At the same time, managers using the control panel which displays information about the machinery operation can prevent the misuse of fuel and agrochemicals. But the main advantage of this solution is the ability to observe the field from a bird's eye view and to assess the condition of each agricultural site in real time. All data are available on mobile devices, which allows farmers to quickly receive infor mation from agrosensors, and this reduces the misuse of equipment by 30% and saves up to 1/3 of the stocks of seeds, chemicals and fuel.
The German enterprise producer of SAP software is among the manufacturers of smart systems for international agribusiness. The com pany's business solutions provide an opportunity to track the location and condition of cattle, as well as to determine the optimal areas for their grazing through sensors installed in the animal's body and quadrocopters [19]. This approach helps interna tional agribusiness to constantly monitor the number and health of animals, as well as the actual level of progress in the field works to respond promptly to crisis factors until they become fatal. That is, modern innovative solutions of this company are aimed at reducing costs, both in crop production and livestock.
A promising direction of development of digital technologies in international agribusiness is the establishment of the Institute of Internet of Things, whose important achievement was the introduc tion of unmanned agricultural machinery in agricultural production. Improvement of traditional agricultural technology offered by the SAP company, according to which agrosensors are installed in the cabin of agricultural machinery, allows the tractor to simultaneously plow the land and gather information about the soil condition and automatically send it to the agricultural database. After processing the data obtained, farmers select the relevant fertilizers for each individual agricultural site. Accordingly, on the one hand, the proposed solution reduces transac tion costs, and on the other, requires the farmer's computer skills and methodology of data pro cessing.
Currently, a new agribusiness segment has been formed on the international agro food market, which is based on nanotechnology, which provides for the use of innovations to overcome the cell barrier, the size of which is within 1 to 100 nano meters [4; 13; 22]. Developments in the field of nanotechnology can be used in a large number of areas for the innovative development of inter national agribusiness. The use of nano prepa rations in crop production as microfertilizers can increase resistance to adverse conditions and at the same time ensure an increase in the yield of food crops (potatoes, cereals, vegetables, fruits and berries) and industrial crops (cotton, flax, etc.).
M. V. Prysiazhniuk, N. V. Zubets, P. T. Sabluk, etc. [1] distinguish the following segments of the use of nanotechnology in agribusiness: 1) food with predetermined consumer properties; 2) modified basic food that retains stable taste; 3) food that changes color after the expiration date; 4) agri cultural products for targeted supply of vitamins; 5) creation of new types of nano fertilizers.
In the XXI century, convergent technologies started to indirectly affect the international agri cultural market. Thus, the convergence of scienti fic knowledge in the humanities and natural sciences takes place, involving the transformation of approaches to studying the object, leveling the sectoral differences between the scientific spheres, and generating global innovation technologies.
The "converging technologies" term appeared relatively recently -in the middle of 1990s. This term is associated with the name of the sociologist urbanist M. Castells. The scientist observed the "convergence of specific technologies in the highly integrated system, where the outdated techno logically isolated innovative trajectories acquire obscure features" [13; 16].
This category acquired some clarity after its publication in June 2002. The US National Science Foundation prepared a report in which the author team led by M. Roco and W. Bainbridge identified the most likely areas for the STP development, which involves the merger of various technologies (nano, bio, information and communication technologies and cognitive sciences) in order to improve the life quality parameters. Scientists have determined that there is a clear tendency towards convergence, as abbreviations of the above technologies, that is, the NBIC technologies [20].
Various fields of activity, which previously seemed distant and divided, with the introduction of nanotechnology began to unexpectedly overlap, affect each other and show synergy, that is, a clear tendency to merge with biological and information technologies and approaches, which has already led to the creation of a serious scientific concept on the convergence of a number of scientific disciplines [22].
The convergence of nano , bio and informa tion and communication technologies in inter national agribusiness contributes to the growth of agricultural production efficiency. Thus, the nanosensors monitor the health and feeding of the cattle, informing the farmer through the personal computer of the problems that arise, and also suggest possible solutions.
S. Bonny [23] refers to a number of charac teristics to the specifics of the impact of NBIC technologies in the international agro food market, among which the leading place is occupied by 1) the fundamental nature of technologies (first, an idea emerges that moves through the innovation cascade, and turns into food); 2) the interdis ciplinary nature of food production; 3) each of the technologies identified in the abbreviation forms an instrumental basis for the development of other related technologies; 4) a wide coverage of fundamental agro industries; 5) the synergetic effect.
Research in the field of bio and nanotechno logy is a promising area of development of NBIC technologies in international agribusiness. Thus, according to M. Roco and W. Bainbridge, they allow creating applied tools for cultivating crops, improving the efficiency of introduction and further use of various types of fertilizers and pesticides. Using bio , nano sensors, the grocery segment of the international agribusiness can obtain relevant information about the degree of freshness of agricultural products, instead of discarding it after the expiration date indicated on the package. Nanobiotechnology research is experimental in nature and is currently not competitive compared with traditional chemicals. Such re search is carried out in universities and labora tories not only in developed countries but also in developing countries. For example, within the framework of the cooperation program, the scientific laboratories of Mexico and India are working on the development of non toxic nano herbicide, which in the long run substantially transforms the added value agro food chains reducing them to three segments: "land -carbon dioxide -milk" [23].

CONCLUSIONS FROM THIS STUDY AND PROSPECTS FOR FURTHER EXPLORATION IN THIS DIRECTION
Agro economics has no single theoretical, methodological and methodological approaches to measuring structural and dynamic changes in international agribusiness through the processes of global distribution of agronomy innovations, and therefore there is no full clarity in the study of the laws of its development and the remote con sequences of the transformational processes taking place under the influence of innovations. A real result of the transformational progress in inter national agribusiness is the system of quantitative and qualitative indicators, the key among which is GDP. Analysis of statistical data showed that the share of international agribusiness in world GDP is constantly decreasing and this trend is deter mining for almost all developing countries. This leads to the rejection in national development models from the theory of comprehensive extensible economic growth and the transition to the concept of innovation oriented sustainable development. Consequently, the innovative aspects of the international agribusiness development today are experiencing an accelerating increase in their critical mass. They will determine the new leaders of the international food market in the medium term. In recent years, the volume of innovations in startups specializing in new agricultural technologies has increased more than tenfold. Big data, robotics, artificial intelligence and other technologies are becoming common not only on the industrial conveyor but also in agricultural production. The process of change is not just about startups. It is expected that mergers and acquisitions of agrotechnological companies will continue in the Big six. Another important trend is the active development of centers for the development and implementation of advanced agrotechnologies as an innovative instrument of state support for agribusiness development.
In addition, despite the fact that the share of agribusiness in world GDP has been steadily decreasing, research and development costs, on the contrary, are increasing at a quick pace every year. Moreover, the planned trend to reduce the share of state financing of these costs is completely brought to naught by private investment from the corporate sector of international agribusiness. That is, the availability of powerful financial resources and internationalization of activities allows the agro oriented transnational enterprise conducting their own research policy in the field of bio , nano and information and communication technologies that are the most capital intensive.
Consequently, the changes taking place in the international agro food market during the "green" and "gene" revolution, have created the prere quisites for the formation of high tech agricultural sectors in the world of innovation oriented agro food model of the XXI century. Today, agribu siness, being the most conservative sector of the economy, continues to acquire the features of a knowledge intensive and high tech sector at a rapid pace, and this applies to both large agricultural companies (agricultural holdings) and small farmers, including private farms.
In the conditions of innovation and tecnifi cation of the world food market, further, con ditionally sustainable development of Ukrainian agribusiness is possible without active involvement in the process of implementation and effective use of high tech methods of agricultural production. Despite the fact that the foreign policy situation associated with obtaining trade preferences in the food markets of the EU member states and the USA and the domestic situation, which consi derably complicated domestic logistics, limited access to financial capital markets, at the same time allowed to form new sources of sustainable economic growth within the Ukrainian agricul tural economy. Thus, the most promising high tech technologies in the introduction of electronic agricultural production (e agriculture) is a network farm, smart agricultural machines and the Internet of Things in terms of food circulation or meeting the needs of agribusiness in sowing material, plant and animal protection products. This will ensure the formation of stable network connections between all participants of the agro food chain, more equitable pricing, elimination of information asymmetry between the participants of the food market, rationalization of the use of natural resources, monitoring of the quality and traceability of agricultural products.
The effectiveness of the implementation of the selected areas depends on the strategic constants of agribusiness development chosen by the state for the future. The formation of new innovative approaches is closely related to the transformation of the structural and functional nature of Ukrainian agribusiness, changes in the institutional environment and the organizational and economic mechanism of its functioning.